Malariyá
| Malariyá | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Classification mpe ressources ya kowuta libanda | |
| ICD/CIM-10 | B50-B54 B50-B54 |
| ICD/CIM-9 | 084 084 |
| OMIM | 248310 |
| DiseasesDB | 7728 |
| MedlinePlus | 000621 |
Malariyá ezalí fɛ́fɛle eye ezwámaka o mikili mitóndá maziba tǒ mái malálá, mpé bisíká bitóndá ngungi. Bokɔnɔ epɛ́sɛ́mi na ngungi ya mwasí; sɔ́ki aswí moto, mikɔlɔ́bɔ mikokɔ́ta o nzóto kin'o makilá.
Definition and symptoms
[kokoma | kobɔngisa mosólo]Malariyá ezalí bokono boye bokopesamaka kowúta na ngungi koleka epayi ya batu tǒ banyama misusu kolandana na ba parasites protozoaires óyo ezali (lolenge ya micro-organisme) ya cellule móko ya Plasmodium.[1] Malariyá elakisaka bilembo biye bilandi fièvre, bolembu, kosanza mpe moto mpasi. Na ba cas ya makasi mpeza ekoki komema loposo kokoma jaune, kopiquer crise ya mbalakata, coma to liwa.[2] Bilembo oyo bibandaka komonana mingi mingi sima ya mikolo zomi to zomi na mitano sima na kosuama na ngungi. Epayi ya baye balandelaki nkisi malamu te bokono bokoki kozongela bango sima na basanza.[1] Epayi ya baye babikaki na bokono kala te, tango bazwami na bokono lisusu bilembo ya makasi bimonanaka lisusu te obe oyo ya neti neti te. Resistance oyo ya ndambo ekendaka na kosila malembe malembe sima na basanza kino ba mbula soki mutu azali lisusu te kokoba kozwama na malariyá.[2]
Cause and diagnosis
[kokoma | kobɔngisa mosólo]Mingi mingi mpeza, bokono oyo bopesamaka tango mutu asuami na ngungi ya mwasi oyo ayebani bo Anophèle. Kosua oyo ekotisaka ba parasites kowuta na soyi ya ngungi kokota na makila ya mutu.[1] Na sima ba parasites oyo ekendeke na foie epayi wapi ekolaka mpe kobota bota. Eza na lolenge mitano ya Plasmodium oyo ekoki kopesa bokono mpe kokabolama na batu.[2] Liwa mingi eyaka na nzela ya P. falciparum na P. vivax, P. ovale, mpe P. malariae ememaka mingi mingi mpeza lolenge moko ya malariyá ya mua katikati.[1][2] P. knowlesi yango ememaka mpeza mpeza te bokono epayi ya batu.[1] Diagnostique ya malariyá esalalemaka mingi mpeza na nzela ya komeka makila na microscope na bosaleli plaquette ya makila, to na nzela ya test antigène to ba tests ya diagnostique ya lombango.[2] Ba nzela eye esalelaka milongo ya baréaction na polymérasie mpo na kokundola ADN ya parasite esili kozala, kasi naino basaleli yango te na bisika biye malariyá ezwi batu ebele mpó na ntálo mpé mbilinga mbilinga nayango.[3]
Prevention and treatment
[kokoma | kobɔngisa mosólo]Likáma ya kozwama na bokono ya malariyá ekokí kokoma moke na nzela ya komibatela na kosuama na ngungi na bosaleli moustiquaire mpe nkisi ya kobengana ba insect, to mpe mikano ya kolandela ba ngungi neti kofula insecticide mpe kotsiolisa mayi eye etelengani.[2] Nkisi ndenge na ndenge eza na oyo etali prévention ya malaria mpo na bakeyi mibembo na bisika biye bokono bona bozali mingi. Ba doses ya nkisi sulfadoxine/pyriméthamine ya komela mbala na mbala eza recommendé mpo na bana mpe na sima ya sanza misato ya yambo ya zemi na bisika biye taux ya malaria eza likolo mpeza. Atako posa ezali, mangwele moko te eye ezali kosala mpeza eza, ata ndenge batu bazali kosala makasi mpo na kobongisa mangwele wana.[1] Nkisi eye eza recommendé mpo na malaria eza bosangisi ba nkisi ya malaria oyo ezali na artémisinine.[1][2] Lolenge ya mibale ya ba nkisi ekoki kozala mefloquine, luméfantrine, to sulfadoxine/pyriméthamine.[4] Quinine ekoki mpe komelama elongo na doxycycline soki artémisinine eza te.[4] Esengami ete na bisika biye bokono oyo boza na batu ebele, yambo ya kobanda komela ba nkisi esengeli kosembola soki ete malaria nde ezali kotungisa mpo na ntina ya mikakatano ya nzoto koboya nkisi. Ba nkisi ndenge na ndenge ya malaria eza kokutana na nzoto eye eza koboya yango; na ndakisa, eza na baye nzoto eboyaka chloroquine P. falciparum likambo oyo epanzani na bisika ebele oyo malaria ezali, na nzoto koboya artémisinine ekomi mpe nkokoso na bisika songolo ya mikili ya Asia ya se.[1]
Epidemiology
[kokoma | kobɔngisa mosólo]Bokono oyo bopanzani mingi na barégion tropical mpe sous tropical oyo etandami nzinga nzinga na équateur.[2] Yango ezali bongo eteni monene ya Afrika ya se ya Sahara, Asia, na Amerique Latine. Organisation Mondiale ya Santé emoni ete na mobu ya 2012, ba cas ya malaria ezwaki bamillion 207 ya batu. Na mobu wana, emonanaki ete bokono bona bobomaki batu kati ya 473,000 na 789,000, ebele nabango bazali bongo bana nakati ya Afrika.[1] Malaria mingi mingi eza bokono boye bolandanaka na kibobola mpe eza na effet monene ya mabe na développement économique.[5][6] Na Afrika emonani ete ememaka libunga ya ba milliards 12 $ USA na mobu moko kino na motuya ya likolo mpo na maye matali bonkolongono, bozangi makasi ya kosala mosala mpe ba effets misusu na maye matali tourisme.[7]
Ba références
[kokoma | kobɔngisa mosólo]- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 et 1,8 "Malaria Fact sheet N°94". March 2014. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 et 2,7 Caraballo, Hector (May 2014). "Emergency Department Management Of Mosquito-Borne Illness: Malaria, Dengue, And West Nile Virus". Emergency Medicine Practice 16 (5). http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405.
- ↑ Nadjm B, Behrens RH (2012). "Malaria: An update for physicians". Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 26 (2): 243–59. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010. PMID 22632637.
- ↑ 4,0 et 4,1 (en) World Health Organization, Guidelines for the treatment of malaria, Geneva, 2nd ed., 2010 (ISBN 9789241547925), ix
- ↑ Gollin D, Zimmermann C (August 2007). Malaria: Disease Impacts and Long-Run Income Differences (PDF) (Report). Institute for the Study of Labor.
- ↑ Worrall E, Basu S, Hanson K (2005). "Is malaria a disease of poverty? A review of the literature". Tropical Health and Medicine 10 (10): 1047–59. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01476.x. PMID 16185240.
- ↑ Greenwood BM, Bojang K, Whitty CJ, Targett GA (2005). "Malaria". Lancet 365 (9469): 1487–98. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66420-3. PMID 15850634.
